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What is radiant floor heating, and why is it better?
Radiant floor heating is: more cost effective, more efficient (uses less energy), more sanitary, less drafty, more comfortable.

Radiant floor heating uses the floor of the room as a radiator to warm the room. This is better for many reasons. Heat is gently radiated into the room from the floor. This long wavelength radiated heat is transmitted through the air until it strikes a solid object that absorbs the heat. That object can be you or the furnishings in your living space. Less energy is wasted heating the air. If conversely you just heat the air you must rely on air circulation to warm the room.

You experience the wonder of radiant heat when you sit by a fire at night. The air is not made appreciably warmer by the fire, except right above the fire, but you feel the warmth of the fire radiating toward you. If someone steps in front of you, you immediately feel the difference. Did the air temperature immediately drop 10 degrees? No, the source of radiant heat was just momentarily blocked.

Radiant floor heating systems also produce less air stratification than baseboard heaters; the heat doesn't end up near the ceiling, well above the comfort zone. Additionally, heat loss through walls and windows-precisely where baseboard units are located is minimized because the air in the room is carrying less heat.


Radiant floor heating systems are quieter and are not as drafty as forced-air systems. Forced air systems superheat the air so that the average temperature in the room is comfortable. Furthermore, heat loss through walls where are forced-air diffusers are located is minimized because the air in the room is carrying less heat. Forced-air systems by their nature pressurize some rooms more than others. These pressure differences result in convective losses out cracks and openings.

Radiant floor heating also offers some practical advantages. Radiant floor heating is ideal for maximum comfort, if one’s feet are warm and the things one touches are warm, all other things being equal it is possible to be comfortable with the air temperature thermostat set at a lower temperature. Because the heat originates at our feet, and the comfort of our lower extremities has a lot to do with overall comfort, temperatures can be set lower, typically 65 degrees Fahrenheit (F) instead of 70° F to 72° F. You might have experienced the opposite of this if you enter a building where the heat has been off for a while in the winter. You might set the thermostat at 72 and still be uncomfortable in the room for a long time because although the air might reach temperature very quickly the surfaces in the room are cold and literally sap the heat out of you.
Beyond the comfort efficiencies, there are actual operating efficiencies when using Radiant floor heating. Because of the large radiator surface area, (basically the entire floor) the circulating water can be cooler and still keep the house warm. Think of the old small cast iron steel radiators and how hot they had to be to keep the room warm. I remember hearing my soaking wet mittens hiss when I put them on such a radiator to dry. If the whole floor were that hot not only would you get a hot foot but you would be baked out. The boiler does not have to heat the water that much, there is less heat lost up the flue and through transmission in the walls where it can do little good.
To make the most of these operating efficiencies its best to use a state of the art modulated boiler to heat the water. They are a little pricy but there is always a payback over time in reduced fuel cost through higher furnace efficiencies.



What are Rad Heat ™ Panels?
These panels are revolutionary in their clever patent pending design. They make Radiant Floor Heating a cost effective alternative on virtually any job. These modular panels can be installed by any contractor with average mechanical skills, or by a do it yourselfer. They are uniquely formed cementatious panels with an integral tube routing channel to facilitate the routing of continuous loops of hydronic heating tube.

Why are RAD Heat panels better as compared to other modular radiant floor heating systems?
The best way to obtain efficient radiant floor heating is to use a radiator with significant thermal mass. Each RAD Heat panel has enough mass to gently absorb the variations in input heat to and gently deliver smooth consistent heat to the room.
All of the other modular systems on the market lack sufficient thermal mass to deliver steady uniform heat. With other modular systems one can expect the floor to run hot and cold as the system cycles. Even when the floor is warm, there will be heat stripping, (lines of varying degrees of hot and cold) relating to the position of the tube carrying the heat.

Why are RAD Heat panels better as compared to “poured in place” radiant floor heating systems?
RAD Heat panels weigh much less than poured in place systems and are more cost effective than poured in place systems.
RAD heat panels are better than poured in place systems for many reasons. RAD Heat panels can be installed by a small crew (1 or 2) armed only with power screw drivers “screw guns”. “Poured in place” systems need large mixers and placement pumps operated by large crews (6 or 7) operating very specialized equipment, requiring tightly controlled environment.


With RAD Heat panels there is no job site set up, individual rooms can have panels installed as time allots. The panels will withstand foot traffic from the moment they are installed. Finished floors can be installed as soon as the system is pressurized and heat tested. There is no job shutdown associated with the placement of RAD Heat ™ panels.
Conversely with “poured in place” systems there is extensive job interference, interior job work is basically shut down for weeks, all tools materials and furnishings must be moved from the floor surface of the entire job, during the pour and through out the cure time. The reason the job is shut down with poured in place systems is that these systems use wet cast nearly self leveling gypsum and or cement based mortar to form the floor. This mortar does not reach full strength for days and it takes weeks to drive all the moisture out of the floor. The floor must be bare to facilitate the drying process. The water content of these products can result in damage to drywall and woodwork. Mold spores and mildew may form unless specific care is taken to mitigate these potential problems.


With RAD Heat ™ panels the tubing is held in place by the panels themselves. The panels employ an integral tube routing channel that envelopes the tube in a smooth plastic sleeve. ”Poured in place” systems use wire ties or staples to hold the tube in place during the pour. These metal to plastic contact points frequently result in leaks over time. It is thought the leaks result from abrasion caused by thermal expansion and contraction, which naturally happens when the system is cycling.


Where are Rad Heat ™ Panels Most Effective?
Best-case scenario
While Rad Heat ™ Panels are more expensive than forced air to install, this additional cost is paid back over time. The best payback and the greatest comfort appreciation occurs in areas of the country where heating demand is for more than 4000 heating degree days per season. This corresponds to sites in the United States north on a line from Washington, DC to Albuquerque, NM to Seattle, WA.


Can I add Rad Heat ™ Panels on to my existing baseboard system?
Yes you can! A common retrofit application is one where Rad Heat ™ Panels are added in select rooms on to an existing system. For example, one might add radiant floor heating to a kitchen floor or bathroom floor, or in an addition such as a solarium or a family room.


Are Rad Heat ™ Panels durable, and can they be used in applications where repeated water exposure is likely?
Rad Heat ™ Panels are made of materials that will not break down if they are exposed to moisture. Rad Heat ™ Panels are safe to use in bathrooms, kitchens, mudrooms, and main entry ways, with no fear of deterioration due to repeated exposure to moisture.


With “poured in place” systems weeks are required to drive the moisture out of the gypsum concrete what should I expect with Rad Heat ™ Panels?
Rad Heat ™ Panels are wet cast and immediately wrapped to seal in moisture for curing. This curing process yields a product with superior strength, however some moisture remains in the panel until it is heated for the first time. It is recommended that the system be pressurized and heat tested to ensure a good fit and no leaks. The rooms being heat tested should be well vented with open windows and doors and be heated at full temp for 48 hours. The panels are fully cured upon arrival at the job site and can withstand normal foot traffic immediately upon installation.


______________
What is a heating degree day?
Heating engineers who wanted a way to relate each day's temperatures to the demand for fuel to heat buildings developed the concept of heating degree days.
To calculate the heating degree days for a particular day, find the day's average temperature by adding the day's high and low temperatures and dividing by two. If the number is above 65, there are no heating degree days that day. If the number is less than 65, subtract it from 65 to find the number of heating degree days.
For example, if the day's high temperature is 60 and the low is 40, the average temperature is 50 degrees. 65 minus 50 equals 15 heating degree days.


30 Year Average, Annual Heating Degree Days (Base 65)



NORMALS 1971-2000                       ANNUAL
BIRMINGHAM AP,AL          	         2823
HUNTSVILLE, AL               	         3262
MOBILE, AL                               1667
MONTGOMERY, AL                           2192

ANCHORAGE, AK                           10470
ANNETTE, AK                              6917
BARROW, AK                              19893
BETHEL, AK                              12769
BETTLES,AK                              15357
BIG DELTA,AK                            13302
COLD BAY,AK                              9690
FAIRBANKS, AK                           13980
GULKANA,AK                              13797
HOMER, AK                                9821
JUNEAU, AK                               8574
KING SALMON, AK                         11104
KODIAK, AK                               8941
KOTZEBUE, AK                            15735
MCGRATH, AK                             13887
NOME, AK                       	        13818
ST. PAUL ISLAND, AK                     10959
TALKEETNA, AK                           11327
UNALAKLEET, AK                          13750
VALDEZ, AK                               9733
YAKUTAT, AK                              9318

FLAGSTAFF, AZ                            6999
PHOENIX, AZ                              1040
TUCSON, AZ                               1578
WINSLOW, AZ                              4692
YUMA, AZ                                  782

FORT SMITH, AR                           3451
LITTLE ROCK, AR                          3084
NORTH LITTLE ROCK, AR                    2980

BAKERSFIELD, CA                          2104
BISHOP, CA                               4314
EUREKA, CA.                              4446
FRESNO, CA                               2433
LONG BEACH, CA                           1212
LOS ANGELES AP, CA                       1286
LOS ANGELES C.O., CA                      927
MOUNT SHASTA, CA                         5991
REDDING, CA                              2961
SACRAMENTO, CA                           2666
SAN DIEGO, CA                            1063
SAN FRANCISCO AP, CA                     2862
SAN FRANCISCO C.O., CA                   2614
SANTA BARBARA, CA                        2121
SANTA MARIA, CA                          2800
STOCKTON, CA                             2563

ALAMOSA, CO                              8734
COLORADO SPRINGS, CO                     6369
DENVER, CO                               6128
GRAND JUNCTION, CO                       5552
PUEBLO, CO                               5566

BRIDGEPORT, CT                           5467
HARTFORD, CT                             6104

WILMINGTON, DE                           4887

WASHINGTON DULLES AP, D.C.	         4923
WASHINGTON NAT'L AP, D.C.                3999

APALACHICOLA, FL                         1419
DAYTONA BEACH, FL                         815
FORT MYERS, FL                            302
GAINESVILLE, FL                          1104
JACKSONVILLE, FL                         1353
KEY WEST, FL                               64
MIAMI, FL                                 155
ORLANDO, FL                               598
PENSACOLA, FL                            1498
TALLAHASSEE, FL                          1616
TAMPA, FL                                 593
VERO BEACH, FL                            455
WEST PALM BEACH, FL                       242

ATHENS, GA                               2832
ATLANTA, GA                              2827
AUGUSTA,GA                               2508
COLUMBUS, GA                             2153
MACON, GA                                2241
SAVANNAH, GA                             1766

HILO, HI                                    0
HONOLULU,HI                                 0
KAHULUI, HI                                 0
LIHUE, HI                                   0

BOISE, ID                                5809
LEWISTON, ID                             5211
POCATELLO, ID                            7116

CHICAGO,IL                               6493
MOLINE, IL                               6422
PEORIA, IL                               6095
ROCKFORD, IL                             6940
SPRINGFIELD, IL                          5596

EVANSVILLE, IN                           4612
FORT WAYNE, IN                           6198
INDIANAPOLIS, IN                         5521
SOUTH BEND, IN                           6257

DES MOINES, IA                           6432
DUBUQUE,IA                               7273
SIOUX CITY, IA                           6896
WATERLOO, IA                             7375

CONCORDIA, KS                            5524
DODGE CITY, KS                           5037
GOODLAND, KS                             6013
TOPEKA, KS                               5225
WICHITA, KS                              4765

GREATER CINCINNATI AP        	         5200

JACKSON, KY                              4358
LEXINGTON, KY                            4716
LOUISVILLE, KY                           4352
PADUCAH KY                               4192

BATON ROUGE, LA                          1665
LAKE CHARLES, LA                         1542
NEW ORLEANS, LA                          1417
SHREVEPORT, LA                           2262

CARIBOU, ME                              9560
PORTLAND, ME                             7325

BALTIMORE, MD                            4634

BLUE HILL, MA                            6371
BOSTON, MA                               5630
WORCESTER, MA                            6831

ALPENA, MI                               8237
DETROIT, MI                              6449
FLINT, MI                                6951
GRAND RAPIDS, MI                         6896
HOUGHTON LAKE, MI                        8120
LANSING, MI                              7098
MARQUETTE, MI                            9712
MUSKEGON, MI                             6943
SAULT STE. MARIE, MI                     9230

DULUTH, MN                               9742
INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MN                 10295
MINNEAPOLIS-ST.PAUL, MN                  7882
ROCHESTER, MN                            8308
SAINT CLOUD, MN                          8812

JACKSON, MS                              2368
MERIDIAN, MS                             2353
TUPELO, MS                               3070

COLUMBIA, MO                             5173
KANSAS CITY, MO                          5249
ST. LOUIS, MO                            4757
SPRINGFIELD, MO                          4602

BILLINGS, MT                             7004
GLASGOW, MT                              8541
GREAT FALLS, MT                          7675
HAVRE, MT                                8247
HELENA, MT                               7975
KALISPELL, MT                            8171
MISSOULA, MT                             7622

GRAND ISLAND, NE                         6362
LINCOLN, NE                              6242
NORFOLK, NE                              6767
NORTH PLATTE, NE                         6783
OMAHA EPPLEY AP, NE                      6312
OMAHA (NORTH), NE                        6153
SCOTTSBLUFF, NE                          6625
VALENTINE, NE                            7265

ELKO, NV                                 7181
ELY, NV                                  7561
LAS VEGAS, NV                            2276
RENO, NV                                 5601
WINNEMUCCA, NV                           6271

CONCORD, NH                              7485
MT. WASHINGTON, NH                      13785

ATLANTIC CITY AP, NJ                     5113
ATLANTIC CITY C.O.,NJ                    4480
NEWARK, NJ                               4812

ALBUQUERQUE, NM                          4281
CLAYTON, NM                              5045
ROSWELL, NM                              3332

ALBANY, NY                               6861
BINGHAMTON, NY                           7234
BUFFALO, NY                              6693
ISLIP, NY                                5357
NEW YORK C.PARK, NY                      4744
NEW YORK (JFK AP), NY                    4882
NEW YORK (LAGUARDIA AP), NY              4777
ROCHESTER, NY                            6713
SYRACUSE, NY                             6785

ASHEVILLE, NC                            4203
CAPE HATTERAS, NC                        2521
CHARLOTTE, NC                            3208
GREENSBORO-WNSTN-SALM, NC                3848
RALEIGH, NC                              3465
WILMINGTON, NC                           2429

BISMARCK, ND                             8809
FARGO, ND                                9095
GRAND FORKS, ND                          9505
WILLISTON, ND                            8922

AKRON, OH                                6148
CLEVELAND, OH                            6097
COLUMBUS, OH                             5546
DAYTON, OH                               5678
MANSFIELD, OH                            6258
TOLEDO, OH                               6468
YOUNGSTOWN, OH                           6446

OKLAHOMA CITY, OK                        3663
TULSA, OK                                3641
ASTORIA, OR                              5068
BURNS,OR                                 7785
EUGENE, OR                               4781
MEDFORD, OR                              4539
PENDLETON, OR                            5321
PORTLAND, OR                             4366
SALEM, OR                                4784
SEXTON SUMMIT, OR                        6243

GUAM, PC                                    0
JOHNSTON ISLAND, PC  	                    0
KOROR, PC                                   0
KWAJALEIN, MARSHALL IS., PC                 0
MAJURO, MARSHALL IS, PC                     0
PAGO PAGO, AMER SAMOA, PC                   0
POHNPEI, CAROLINE IS., PC                   0
CHUUK, E. CAROLINE IS., PC                  0
WAKE ISLAND, PC                             0
YAP, W CAROLINE IS., PC                     0

ALLENTOWN, PA                            5671
ERIE, PA.                                6409
HARRISBURG, PA                           5201
MIDDLETOWN/HARRISBURG 	                 5201
PHILADELPHIA, PA                         4759
PITTSBURGH, PA                           5829
AVOCA, PA                                6258
WILLIAMSPORT, PA                         6035

PROVIDENCE, RI                           5754

CHARLESTON AP,SC                         1973
CHARLESTON C.O.,SC                       1755
COLUMBIA, SC                             2595
GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG, SC               3272

ABERDEEN, SD                             8354
HURON, SD                                7828
RAPID CITY, SD                           7211
SIOUX FALLS, SD                          7746

BRISTOL-JHNSN CTY, TN                    4318
CHATTANOOGA, TN                          3427
KNOXVILLE, TN                            3685
MEMPHIS, TN                              3033
NASHVILLE, TN                            3658
OAK RIDGE,TN                             3993

ABILENE, TX                              2659
AMARILLO, TX                             4325
AUSTIN/CITY, TX                          1648
AUSTIN/BERGSTROM, TX                     1889
BROWNSVILLE, TX                           622
CORPUS CHRISTI, TX                        947
DALLAS-FORT WORTH, TX                    2370
DALLAS-LOVE FIELD, TX                    2219
DEL RIO, TX                              1417
EL PASO, TX                              2604
GALVESTON, TX                            1008
HOUSTON, TX                              1525
LUBBOCK, TX                              3422
MIDLAND-ODESSA, TX                       2716
PORT ARTHUR, TX                          1447
SAN ANGELO, TX                           2384
SAN ANTONIO, TX                          1572
VICTORIA, TX                             1245
WACO, TX                                 2164
WICHITA FALLS, TX                        3024

MILFORD, UT                              6116
SALT LAKE CITY, UT                       5607

BURLINGTON, VT                           7665

LYNCHBURG, VA                            4279
NORFOLK, VA                              3342
RICHMOND, VA                             3878
ROANOKE, VA                              4288

OLYMPIA, WA                              5523
QUILLAYUTE, WA                           5790
SEATTLE C.O., WA                         4615
SEATTLE SEA-TAC AP, WA                   4797
SPOKANE, WA                              6820
WALLA WALLA WASHINGTON                   4882
YAKIMA, WA                               6012

SAN JUAN, PR                                0

BECKLEY, WV                              5427
CHARLESTON, WV                           4589
ELKINS, WV                               6046
HUNTINGTON, WV                           4571

GREEN BAY, WI                            7976
LA CROSSE, WI                            7395
MADISON, WI                              7499
MILWAUKEE, WI                            7096

CASPER, WY                               7534
CHEYENNE, WY                             7289
LANDER, WY                               7794
SHERIDAN, WY                             7636



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